Nicotine Test

Cigarette labels warn pregnant women against smoking. Does nicotine actually reach the fetus, crossing the protective placental barrier? Researchers selected consecutive pregnant women delivering at an Egyptian hospital and categorized them as 1) either active smoker 2) passive smokers or 3) nonsmokers. They then analyzed the newborns’ meconium for cotinine content, the metabolized form of nicotine. Meconium is a newborn’s first stool right after birth, composed of materials ingested by the fetus in utero, and is a good biological marker for fetal exposure to drugs or other chemical agents. Researchers want to know if the mean levels of cotinine in the meconium are different fromnewborns of mothers between the three groups listed above.
MATH221
health
substanceabuse
Author

MATH 221

Published

May 1, 2024

Data details

There are 30 rows and 2 columns. The data source1 is used to create our data that is stored in our pins table. You can access this pin from a connection to posit.byui.edu using hathawayj/nicotine_test.

This data is available to all.

Variable description

  • Cotinine.Level: Level of Cotinine (metabolized nicotine) found in newborn meconium (first stool after birth, indicative of things that fetus ingested in utero)
  • Group: Mother group (Active Smoker, Nonsmoker, Passive Smoker)

Variable summary

Variable type: numeric

skim_variable n_missing complete_rate mean sd p0 p25 p50 p75 p100 hist
Cotinine.Level 0 1 271.87 114.92 148 201.75 255.5 292.75 700 ▇▅▁▁▁

Variable type: character

skim_variable n_missing complete_rate min max empty n_unique whitespace
Group 0 1 9 14 0 3 0
Explore generating code using R
library(tidyverse)
library(pins)
library(connectapi)

nicotine_test <- read_csv('https://github.com/byuistats/data/raw/master/Nicotine_Test/Nicotine_Test.csv') %>% 
  select(!Description) # Delete description column becuase that information goes into the qmd


# Publish the data to the server with Bro. Hathaway as the owner.
board <- board_connect()
pin_write(board, nicotine_test, type = "parquet", access_type = "all")

pin_name <- "nicotine_test"
meta <- pin_meta(board, paste0("hathawayj/", pin_name))
client <- connect()
my_app <- content_item(client, meta$local$content_id)
set_vanity_url(my_app, paste0("data/", pin_name))

Access data

This data is available to all.

Direct Download: nicotine_test.parquet

R and Python Download:

URL Connections:

For public data, any user can connect and read the data using pins::board_connect_url() in R.

library(pins)
url_data <- "https://posit.byui.edu/data/nicotine_test/"
board_url <- board_connect_url(c("dat" = url_data))
dat <- pin_read(board_url, "dat")

Use this custom function in Python to have the data in a Pandas DataFrame.

import pandas as pd
import requests
from io import BytesIO

def read_url_pin(name):
  url = "https://posit.byui.edu/data/" + name + "/" + name + ".parquet"
  response = requests.get(url)
  if response.status_code == 200:
    parquet_content = BytesIO(response.content)
    pandas_dataframe = pd.read_parquet(parquet_content)
    return pandas_dataframe
  else:
    print(f"Failed to retrieve data. Status code: {response.status_code}")
    return None

# Example usage:
pandas_df = read_url_pin("nicotine_test")

Authenticated Connection:

Our connect server is https://posit.byui.edu which you assign to your CONNECT_SERVER environment variable. You must create an API key and store it in your environment under CONNECT_API_KEY.

Read more about environment variables and the pins package to understand how these environment variables are stored and accessed in R and Python with pins.

library(pins)
board <- board_connect(auth = "auto")
dat <- pin_read(board, "hathawayj/nicotine_test")
import os
from pins import board_rsconnect
from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv()
API_KEY = os.getenv('CONNECT_API_KEY')
SERVER = os.getenv('CONNECT_SERVER')

board = board_rsconnect(server_url=SERVER, api_key=API_KEY)
dat = board.pin_read("hathawayj/nicotine_test")

Footnotes

  1. Unknown↩︎